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Why did Massachusetts African Americans Paul and John Cuffe refuse to pay taxes in 1779?


A) They remained loyal to the British crown.
B) They had recently lost their jobs as mariners.
C) They were slaves.
D) They were protesting the fact that they could not vote.

E) B) and C)
F) A) and C)

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The fight over ratification in Virginia proved to be very close, owing to Antifederalist arguments from


A) Alexander Hamilton and James Madison.
B) Thomas Jefferson and George Washington.
C) George Mason and Patrick Henry.
D) George Clinton and Richard Henry Lee.

E) A) and C)
F) None of the above

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How did delegates decide to count slaves when determining the apportionment of representatives?


A) Slaves were counted under the three-fifths clause.
B) Slaves were not to be counted as persons.
C) Slaves would count the same as Indians.
D) Slaves were counted the same as whites.

E) All of the above
F) None of the above

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How did the Massachusetts slave Elizabeth Freeman (Mum Bett) gain her freedom in 1781?


A) She fled to Canada.
B) Massachusetts outlawed slavery.
C) She won her freedom in court.
D) She passed as a white woman.

E) None of the above
F) B) and C)

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In 1776, members of the Continental Congress agreed that a federal government should have the power to


A) raise taxes.
B) overrule state law.
C) punish criminals.
D) run a postal service.

E) B) and C)
F) C) and D)

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How did the Articles of Confederation incorporate the power of the states?


A) All thirteen states had to approve routine decisions.
B) Five states had to approve war-making decisions.
C) Nine states had to vote to amend the articles.
D) Each state had a single vote in Congress.

E) None of the above
F) All of the above

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When the Constitution was drafted, slavery was


A) not named but recognized and guaranteed.
B) criticized as contradictory to democracy.
C) euphemistically outlawed in the North.
D) explicitly named as being a landowner's liberty.

E) A) and B)
F) C) and D)

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A

Discuss the provisions of the various state constitutions written after May 1776. Did they all retain a two-chamber assembly? If not, what did they choose?

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Match the term with the definition. -1784 treaty with the Iroquois Confederacy establishing the primacy of the American confederation (and not states) to negotiate with Indians and resulting in large land cessions in the Ohio County (northwestern Pennsylvania) . Tribes not present disavowed the treaty.


A) Antifederalists
B) Articles of Confederation
C) Federalists
D) gradual emancipation
E) New Jersey Plan
F) Newburgh Conspiracy
G) Northwest Ordinance
H) republicanism
I) Shays's Rebellion
J) three-fifths clause
K) Treaty of Fort Stanwix
L) United States Constitution
M) Virginia Plan

N) E) and H)
O) A) and I)

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Match the term with the definition. -Constitutional clause that tacitly acknowledged the existence of slavery in the United States by setting the numerical base for apportioning both representation and taxation.


A) Antifederalists
B) Articles of Confederation
C) Federalists
D) gradual emancipation
E) New Jersey Plan
F) Newburgh Conspiracy
G) Northwest Ordinance
H) republicanism
I) Shays's Rebellion
J) three-fifths clause
K) Treaty of Fort Stanwix
L) United States Constitution
M) Virginia Plan

N) G) and M)
O) A) and E)

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J

How did the Northwest Ordinance of 1787 deal with the problem of slavery in the Northwest Territory?

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In the debate over the Articles of Confederation, how did five small states clash with the eight states with western land claims?

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Robert Morris proposed increasing the revenue of the confederation government by


A) establishing a new income tax.
B) taxing all goods that flowed between states.
C) passing a 5 percent import tax.
D) expanding the economic base of the confederation.

E) A) and B)
F) B) and C)

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What was a shared feature of all the state constitutions drawn up during the American Revolution?


A) A governor with strong powers
B) A commitment to republicanism
C) A call for a strong centralized government
D) Two houses: upper and lower

E) None of the above
F) B) and D)

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B

Which state allowed free blacks and women to vote in the early years of the republic?


A) New York
B) Rhode Island
C) New Jersey
D) Massachusetts

E) A) and C)
F) A) and D)

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In essay 10 of The Federalist, James Madison maintained that the constitutional government would


A) eliminate the need for political parties.
B) protect the rights of individual states against incursions by the central government.
C) prevent any one faction from subverting the freedom of other groups.
D) bring focus and order to American foreign policy.

E) A) and D)
F) B) and C)

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Who had to ratify the Constitution before it could go into effect?


A) The state legislatures of twelve states
B) A simple majority of the state legislatures
C) All thirteen states in ratifying conventions
D) Nine states in ratifying conventions

E) C) and D)
F) A) and C)

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Virginia's constitution was the first to


A) include longer terms for the governor.
B) eliminate the office of governor.
C) abolish the upper house.
D) include a bill of rights.

E) A) and D)
F) All of the above

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Match the term with the definition. -1787 land act that established a three-stage process by which settled territories would become states. It also banned slavery in the Northwest Territory.


A) Antifederalists
B) Articles of Confederation
C) Federalists
D) gradual emancipation
E) New Jersey Plan
F) Newburgh Conspiracy
G) Northwest Ordinance
H) republicanism
I) Shays's Rebellion
J) three-fifths clause
K) Treaty of Fort Stanwix
L) United States Constitution
M) Virginia Plan

N) E) and L)
O) A) and B)

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At the Constitutional Convention, the proposal to create a two-chamber legislature-with representation in both houses based on each state's population-was known as the


A) New Jersey Plan.
B) Connecticut Plan.
C) Three-Fifths Plan.
D) Virginia Plan.

E) A) and D)
F) B) and C)

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