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Exam 11: Physical and Cognitive Development in Young Adulthood

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Question 1

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According to Arnett's research with young people in the U.S. ,when do most individuals perceive that they have reached adult status?

A) 18 to 20 years of age
B) 20 to 22 years of age
C) Around the age of 24
D) Late 20s to early 30s

E) C) and D)
F) A) and B)

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Question 2

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Many scholars refer to the period from about 18 to 30 as young adulthood,but Arnett views the period between ages 18 and 25 as a distinct stage of life that he calls

A) post adolescence.
B) adolescent extension.
C) emerging adulthood.
D) late adolescence.

E) A) and B)
F) C) and D)

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Question 3

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In light of the complex,ill-structured,unpredictable and uncontrollable problems individuals face in adulthood,what type of thinking is considered to be more sophisticated for problem solving?

Donna runs a day care center.After many years of hard work,the business has grown and provides a steady income.Donna's daughter,Elaine,has asked Donna to give her a loan for a down payment on a business of her own.In order to provide this loan,Donna would have to cut expenses at the day care center,including reducing staff by at least two employees.What is the primary characteristic that points to a particular stage of cognitive functioning in Donna's case?

One traditional role of counselors is to help people make decisions.Young adult clients who are still dualistic thinkers may have which of the following problems in this process?

Studies of brain activity during the early adult years suggest which of the following?

During what period of physical development do all of the body's biological systems reach their peak potential?

Doug,Diana,Tyrone,Nidia and Louis all have different viewpoints on the evolution versus creationism debate.According to Perry's scheme,Doug's thinking is dualistic (Position 1) .Which of the following statements would be most illustrative of Doug's viewpoint?

Using Perry's theory,describe what processes help individuals move from dualistic to relativistic thinking.

Schaie's theory,emphasizing the new roles,needs,and responsibilities of adulthood,identifies several stages of adult cognitive development.What label is used for the stage of cognitive development most individuals experience as young adults?

Which of these most closely aligns with the definition of relativistic thought according to Perry's views?

Which of the following individuals is most likely in the reorganizational stage according to Schaie's view of adult adjustment?

Jane is a new therapist who works with couples and families.Her decision was motivated by her sister Melinda's experience of spousal abuse.When Jane meets with her supervisor to review cases,he points out that Jane takes sides with her female clients when they cry or describe intense conflicts with their husbands.She believes her supervisor is blind to the signs of abuse.What critical thinking pitfall do Jane's reactions show?

What logical thinking error is exhibited when a person refutes well-documented evidence by countering with information about one exception to the well-founded premise?

Doug,Diana,Tyrone,Nidia and Louis all have different viewpoints on the evolution versus creationism debate.Diana is operating at Position 2 (multiplicity pre-legitimate) .Which of the following statements would be most illustrative of Diana's viewpoint?

Agnes and Paul,both 19 years of age,got married right after their high school graduation in 1945.Their first child was born a year later,when they were 20.Agnes,like most other young women she knew,stayed home to raise her children.Paul found a good job at a nearby food processing plant.Given their generation,which of the following best defines this couple's stage of life at the age of 20?

How do sociologists classify actions like entry into marriage and becoming a parent?

During adolescence,the use of substances is higher among Whites than among African Americans,but the pattern reverses in adulthood (higher use among African Americans) .This differential pattern reverses with suicide rates.For White males,suicide rates rise through adulthood;for Black males,suicide rates peak in early adulthood and then drop.What sociological term defines these patterns?

Stage theorists,borrowing from Piaget's work,propose a fifth stage of cognitive development that emerges in adulthood,and it is called what?

Doug,Diana,Tyrone,Nidia and Louis all have different viewpoints on the evolution versus creationism debate.Nidia is at Position 4 (late multiplicity) .Which of the following statements would be most illustrative of Nidia's viewpoint?