Question 1

The similarity of the foot bones between ________ and the living anthropoids makes it the likely first higher primate.

Accepted Answer

A)   Proconsul
B)   Micropithecus
C)   Dryopithecus
D)   EosimiasE) A) and C)
F) C) and D) D

Question 2

Discuss the selective pressures operating in the late Miocene, Pliocene, and Pleistocene that favored an adaptive radiation of monkeys and contributed to decreased diversity among apes.

Accepted Answer

The migration of primates from Africa to...

Question 3

The best-accepted hypothesis for the dispersal of African monkeys to the New World is that

Accepted Answer

A)   platyrrhines evolved from early primates that migrated to South America from North America.
B)   platyrrhines evolved from anthropoids in Africa that migrated to South America by crossing a narrower Atlantic Ocean, or via Antarctica.
C)   platyrrhines evolved from anthropoids in Asia that migrated across the Pacific to South America.
D)   Old and New World anthropoids evolved independently from different lineages in Africa and South America, respectively.E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 4

Which of the following distinguishes Khoratpithecus from Sivapithecus?

Accepted Answer

A)   Khoratpithecus's molars are more similar to those of living chimpanzees than Sivapithecus's molars are.
B)   Whereas Khoratpithecus lived in the area now known as France and Spain, Sivapithecus lived in Thailand.
C)   Khoratpithecus's broad front teeth and a flat surface on the tongue side of the canines make it more similar than Sivapithecus to living orangutans.
D)   Sivapithecus has dental features making it more similar to modern orangutans, while Khoratpithecus has postcranial bones that most closely resemble modern chimpanzees.E) A) and C)
F) A) and B) C

Question 5

Apes first appear in Europe and Asia from about ________ mya.

Accepted Answer

A)   17
B)   6
C)   10
D)   12E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 6

Gigantopithecus stood ________ feet tall and weighed ________ pounds.

Accepted Answer

A)   four; 300
B)   10; 660
C)   six; 250
D)   five; 400E) A) and D)
F) C) and D)

Question 7

Which of the following apes has been proposed as the last common ancestor of living African apes and humans?

Accepted Answer

A)   Ouranopithecus
B)   Sivapithecus
C)   Dryopithecus
D)   GigantopithecusE) A) and C)
F) C) and D)

Question 8

Plesiadapiforms are also called

Accepted Answer

A)   proprimates.
B)   dryopithecids.
C)   proconsulids.
D)   adapids.E) All of the above
F) None of the above

Question 9

Which fossil group is characterized by an eye orbit fully enclosed by bone?

Accepted Answer

A)   adapids
B)   plesiadapiforms
C)   anthropoids
D)   omomyidsE) None of the above
F) A) and D)

Question 10

Discuss the evolution of primates beginning with the Paleocene proprimates.In your answer, consider the effect of climate change on the environment and primates' environmental adaptations.

Accepted Answer

Primates have a number of anatomical cha...

Question 11

The angiosperm radiation hypothesis proposes that

Accepted Answer

A)   primates' unique traits are an adaptation to living in trees.
B)   primate traits arose as adaptations to preying on insects.
C)   certain primate traits were responses to the acquisition of fruit during the Cenozoic.
D)   primates could see predators in advance.E) C) and D)
F) A) and D) C

Question 12

The shift from the Miocene, which had greater diversity of ape species and fewer monkey species, to a living assemblage with greater diversity of monkey species and fewer ape species may be the result of

Accepted Answer

A)   global climate changes that resulted in cooler, wetter environments less optimal for ape species.
B)   differences in ability to exploit the habitats that resulted after a change in global climate.
C)   cooler climates, where it is more difficult to preserve larger ape fossils.
D)   declines in ape diversity, caused by competition from hominin species.E) B) and C)
F) All of the above

Question 13

The northern African fossil primate called Biretia may be an early anthropoid, based on the morphology of its

Accepted Answer

A)   ankle.
B)   skull.
C)   lower premolar tooth.
D)   pelvis.E) All of the above
F) A) and C)

Question 14

Which two genera have been considered possible ancestors to the orangutan?

Accepted Answer

A)   Gigantopithecus and Sivapithecus
B)   Gigantopithecus and Khoratpithecus
C)   Khoratpithecus and Gigantopithecus
D)   Sivapithecus and KhoratpithecusE) B) and C)
F) All of the above

Question 15

The MOST likely contender for the common ancestor of all later catarrhines is

Accepted Answer

A)   Oligopithecus.
B)   Aegyptopithecus.
C)   Parapithecus.
D)   Apidium.E) A) and D)
F) A) and C)

Question 16

Name, briefly describe, and contrast the three hypotheses of primate origins.

Accepted Answer

Many ideas have been proposed to explain...

Question 17

The evolution of apes began in Africa and continued in

Accepted Answer

A)   Europe and Asia.
B)   Asia and South America.
C)   Europe and South America.
D)   Greece and South America.E) All of the above
F) None of the above

Question 18

The arboreal hypothesis proposes that defining primate characteristics were adaptations to life in the trees, such as

Accepted Answer

A)   grasping hands and feet, developed vision, and greater intelligence.
B)   grasping hands, tails, and intelligence.
C)   developed vision, greater sense of smell, and tails.
D)   developed vision, greater sense of smell, and grasping hands and feet.E) None of the above
F) A) and B)

Question 19

Based on genetic analysis of living primates calibrated by the fossil record, it is estimated that apes and Old World monkeys diverged into separate lineages around ________ mya.

Accepted Answer

A)   5
B)   10
C)   15
D)   25E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 20

Sivapithecus is widely recognized as an ancestral member of which ape lineage?

Accepted Answer

A)   gorilla
B)   orangutan
C)   chimpanzee
D)   gibbonE) A) and C)
F) B) and C)

Exam 9: Primate Origins and Evolution: the First 50 Million Years

The similarity of the foot bones between ________ and the living anthropoids makes it the likely first higher primate.

Correct AnswerverifiedD

Discuss the selective pressures operating in the late Miocene, Pliocene, and Pleistocene that favored an adaptive radiation of monkeys and contributed to decreased diversity among apes.

Correct AnswerverifiedThe migration of primates from Africa to...View AnswerShow Answer

The best-accepted hypothesis for the dispersal of African monkeys to the New World is that

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following distinguishes Khoratpithecus from Sivapithecus?

Correct AnswerverifiedC

Apes first appear in Europe and Asia from about ________ mya.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Gigantopithecus stood ________ feet tall and weighed ________ pounds.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following apes has been proposed as the last common ancestor of living African apes and humans?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Plesiadapiforms are also called

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which fossil group is characterized by an eye orbit fully enclosed by bone?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Discuss the evolution of primates beginning with the Paleocene proprimates.In your answer, consider the effect of climate change on the environment and primates' environmental adaptations.

Correct AnswerverifiedPrimates have a number of anatomical cha...View AnswerShow Answer

The angiosperm radiation hypothesis proposes that

Correct AnswerverifiedC

The shift from the Miocene, which had greater diversity of ape species and fewer monkey species, to a living assemblage with greater diversity of monkey species and fewer ape species may be the result of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The northern African fossil primate called Biretia may be an early anthropoid, based on the morphology of its

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which two genera have been considered possible ancestors to the orangutan?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The MOST likely contender for the common ancestor of all later catarrhines is

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Name, briefly describe, and contrast the three hypotheses of primate origins.

Correct AnswerverifiedMany ideas have been proposed to explain...View AnswerShow Answer

The evolution of apes began in Africa and continued in

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The arboreal hypothesis proposes that defining primate characteristics were adaptations to life in the trees, such as

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Based on genetic analysis of living primates calibrated by the fossil record, it is estimated that apes and Old World monkeys diverged into separate lineages around ________ mya.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Sivapithecus is widely recognized as an ancestral member of which ape lineage?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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D

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The migration of primates from Africa to...
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C

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Gigantopithecus stood feet tall and weighed pounds.

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Primates have a number of anatomical cha...
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C

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Many ideas have been proposed to explain...
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