Question 1

Histamine and prostaglandins are involved in inflammatory reactions.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 2

TLRs are

Accepted Answer

A)   phagocyte receptors that detect PAMPs.
B)   the coatings of pathogens by complement.
C)   molecules that damage cells, resulting in cell lysis.
D)   present in intact skin, sebum, tears, etc.
E)   nonspecific leukocytes that secrete toxins onto the surface of virally infected cells.F) B) and E)
G) C) and D)

Question 3

First line of defense may be described as

Accepted Answer

A)   the release of prostaglandins and leukotrienes in response to microbes.
B)   intact skin, mucous membranes, sebum, tears, and so forth.
C)   damage resulting in cell lysis.
D)   the coating of a pathogen by complement.
E)   nonspecific leukocytes that secrete toxins onto the surface of virally infected cells.F) C) and D)
G) B) and E) B

Question 4

Some pathogens produce toxins which function as (histamines/prostaglandins/pyrogens)to cause fever.

Accepted Answer

pyrogens

Question 5

Which of the following contributes to protecting the eyes from microbial invasion?

Accepted Answer

A)   tears contain lysozyme and salt.
B)   a mucus layer traps and removes microbes.
C)   tears mechanically flush particles from the eyes.
D)   tears contain lysozyme and salt and mechanically flush particles from the eyes.
E)   tears and mucus combine to trap microbes and remove them.F) B) and D)
G) C) and E)

Question 6

Which of the following substances contributes to the edema associated with inflammation?

Accepted Answer

A)   leukotrienes
B)   histamine
C)   interferon
D)   defensin
E)   both leukotrienes and histamineF) C) and D)
G) B) and C)

Question 7

Which of the following is NOT an example of a walled-off site of infection that contains a fluid made of dead and dying tissue cells,leukocytes,and pathogens?

Accepted Answer

A)   a boil
B)   an abscess
C)   a pimple
D)   a pustule
E)   a tumorF) B) and E)
G) A) and B)

Question 8

Which of the following are phagocytic cells descended from monocytes?

Accepted Answer

A)   alveolar macrophages
B)   dendritic cells
C)   microglial cells
D)   alveolar macrophages and dendritic cells
E)   alveolar macrophages and microglial cellsF) A) and E)
G) None of the above

Question 9

The phenomenon known as chemotaxis is defined as

Accepted Answer

A)   the squeezing of cells through the lining of capillaries.
B)   the release of prostaglandins and leukotrienes in response to microbes.
C)   the movement of a cell toward or away from a chemical stimulus.
D)   the coating of a pathogen by complement.
E)   an increase in allergies and helminth infection.F) B) and C)
G) A) and D)

Question 10

Microbial molecules detected by phagocytes are called

Accepted Answer

A)   TLRs.
B)   NODs.
C)   PAMPs.
D)   leukotrienes.
E)   prostaglandins.F) A) and D)
G) B) and D)

Question 11

Which of the following are macrophage functions?

Accepted Answer

A)   phagocytosis of pathogens and debris
B)   release of alpha interferon
C)   production of NETs
D)   phagocytosis of pathogens and production of NETs
E)   phagocytosis of pathogens and secretion of alpha interferons and leukotrienesF) B) and D)
G) A) and B)

Question 12

Proteins on the surface of phagocytes called ________ aid in the detection of pathogen molecules.

Accepted Answer

A)   lectins
B)   TLRs
C)   NOD proteins
D)   lectins and C3 protein
E)   both TLRs and NOD proteinsF) All of the above
G) B) and E)

Question 13

What is phagocytosis? What does it involve?

Accepted Answer

Phagocytosis is a process by which a cell can engulf substances and internalize them into the cytoplasm.Cells that are capable of phagocytosis are collectively known as phagocytes and include neutrophils,eosinophils,dendritic cells,and macrophages.Phagocytosis is part of the body's second line of defense,and it is nonspecific.It includes the following steps:
Chemotaxis: a cell moves either toward or away from a chemical stimulus.
Adherence: the phagocyte attaches to the pathogen,through binding of complementary chemicals on the membranes of the pathogen.
Ingestion: after the pseudopodia adhere to the pathogen,the encompassed microbe is internalized as the pseudopodia fuse to form a sac called a phagosome.
Digestion: lysosomes with over 30 digestive enzymes attach to the phagosome and break down the microbe.At the end of this process,the remains of the phagosome are known as the residual body.
Elimination: the phagocyte rids itself of undigested material by exocytosis,which is the opposite of ingestion.

Question 14

A type of lymphocyte called a(n) ________ detects cells with abnormal surface proteins and kills them.

Accepted Answer

A)   eosinophil
B)   NK cell
C)   neutrophil
D)   basophil
E)   mast cellF) B) and C)
G) C) and D)

Question 15

The absence of necessary receptors is the basis of the defense against microbial invasion known as (natural/innate/species)resistance.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The absence of necessary receptors is the...

Question 16

Protection from infection known as species resistance is a result of

Accepted Answer

A)   the lack of suitable environment in the body.
B)   the absence of receptors required for microbial attachment.
C)   the presence of phagocytes in the tissues.
D)   the salty, acidic condition of normal skin.
E)   both the absence of necessary receptors and lack of suitable environment in the body.F) A) and B)
G) A) and C)

Question 17

Alpha and beta interferons

Accepted Answer

A)   help protect virus-infected cells from the effects of the pathogen.
B)   protect the cells that secrete them from being invaded by a virus.
C)   are produced by infected fibroblasts and macrophages.
D)   produce active antiviral proteins (AVPs)  that coat the surface of healthy cells and prevent the attachment of pathogenic viruses.
E)   produce no adverse effects in the body.F) B) and D)
G) A) and C)

Question 18

Examine the WBC count and differential data in Table.What type of disease is indicated by this set of data?

Accepted Answer

The overall elevation of WBC i...

Question 19

Interferons alpha and beta are effective against viruses.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

Which of the following cells increase in number during an infection with parasitic worms?

Accepted Answer

A)   basophils
B)   macrophages
C)   neutrophils
D)   eosinophils
E)   lymphocytesF) B) and C)
G) C) and D)

Exam 15: Innate Immunity

Histamine and prostaglandins are involved in inflammatory reactions.

Correct Answer
verified

TLRs are

Correct Answer
verified

First line of defense may be described as

Correct Answer
verified
B

Some pathogens produce toxins which function as (histamines/prostaglandins/pyrogens)to cause fever.

Correct Answer
verified
pyrogens

Which of the following contributes to protecting the eyes from microbial invasion?

Correct Answer
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Which of the following substances contributes to the edema associated with inflammation?

Correct Answer
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Which of the following is NOT an example of a walled-off site of infection that contains a fluid made of dead and dying tissue cells,leukocytes,and pathogens?

Correct Answer
verified

Which of the following are phagocytic cells descended from monocytes?

Correct Answer
verified

The phenomenon known as chemotaxis is defined as

Correct Answer
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Microbial molecules detected by phagocytes are called

Correct Answer
verified

Which of the following are macrophage functions?

Correct Answer
verified

Proteins on the surface of phagocytes called ________ aid in the detection of pathogen molecules.

Correct Answer
verified

What is phagocytosis? What does it involve?

A type of lymphocyte called a(n) ________ detects cells with abnormal surface proteins and kills them.

Correct Answer
verified

The absence of necessary receptors is the basis of the defense against microbial invasion known as (natural/innate/species)resistance.

Correct Answer
verified

Protection from infection known as species resistance is a result of

Correct Answer
verified

Alpha and beta interferons

Correct Answer
verified

Examine the WBC count and differential data in Table.What type of disease is indicated by this set of data?

Correct Answer
verified
The overall elevation of WBC i...
View Answer

Interferons alpha and beta are effective against viruses.

Correct Answer
verified

Which of the following cells increase in number during an infection with parasitic worms?

Correct Answer
verified

Exam 15: Innate Immunity

Histamine and prostaglandins are involved in inflammatory reactions.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

TLRs are

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

First line of defense may be described as

Correct AnswerverifiedB

Some pathogens produce toxins which function as (histamines/prostaglandins/pyrogens)to cause fever.

Correct Answerverifiedpyrogens

Which of the following contributes to protecting the eyes from microbial invasion?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following substances contributes to the edema associated with inflammation?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is NOT an example of a walled-off site of infection that contains a fluid made of dead and dying tissue cells,leukocytes,and pathogens?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following are phagocytic cells descended from monocytes?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The phenomenon known as chemotaxis is defined as

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Microbial molecules detected by phagocytes are called

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following are macrophage functions?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Proteins on the surface of phagocytes called ________ aid in the detection of pathogen molecules.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What is phagocytosis? What does it involve?

A type of lymphocyte called a(n) ________ detects cells with abnormal surface proteins and kills them.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The absence of necessary receptors is the basis of the defense against microbial invasion known as (natural/innate/species)resistance.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Protection from infection known as species resistance is a result of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Alpha and beta interferons

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Examine the WBC count and differential data in Table.What type of disease is indicated by this set of data?

Correct AnswerverifiedThe overall elevation of WBC i...View AnswerShow Answer

Interferons alpha and beta are effective against viruses.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following cells increase in number during an infection with parasitic worms?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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B

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pyrogens

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The overall elevation of WBC i...
View Answer

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Correct Answer
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