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 ____________ is a notational system for algorithms that is less formal than a programming language, but more formal than simply jotting down notes.​

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____________ paradigms are used to conceptualize the solution to a problem as a sequence of steps.​

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​Which of the following is not a characteristic for a good problem statement?


A) ​It specifies any assumptions that define the scope of the problem.
B) ​It contains detailed descriptions of the processes and tools that need to be developed.
C) ​It clearly specifies the known information.
D) ​It specifies when the problem has been solved.

E) B) and C)
F) A) and B)

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Declarative languages are commonly used for production applications.​

A) True
B) False

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In the context of Prolog programming, a(n) ________________ is a tabular method for visualizing and specifying rules based on multiple factors.​​


A) ​selection control structure
B) ​decision table
C) ​formal method
D) ​storyboard

E) C) and D)
F) A) and C)

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____________ programmers specialize in developing system software such as operating systems, device drivers, security modules, and communications software.​

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Generally speaking, in an object-oriented program, the objects don't interact.​

A) True
B) False

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A(n) __________ is available for use by any routine in the program while a(n) _______________  can be accessed only from the routine in which it is defined.​


A) ​public attribute, class attribute
B) ​private attribute, class attribute
C) ​public attribute, private attribute
D) ​class attribute, public attribute

E) B) and C)
F) A) and B)

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A(n) ____________ control structure directs the computer to repeat one or more instructions until a certain condition is met.​

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A(n) ___________ is a segment of code that defines an action.​

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In Prolog, the __________ describes the relationship between the arguments.​

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​Computer historians believe that ____________ was the first programming language to work with objects, classes, inheritance, and methods.


A) ​COBOL
B) ​SIMULA 
C) ​Python
D) ​Java

E) A) and C)
F) None of the above

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The procedural approach is best used for problems that can be solved by following a step-by-step algorithm.​

A) True
B) False

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The order or sequence of rules in a Prolog program is usually critical.​

A) True
B) False

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As a general rule, declarative programming languages are most suitable for problems that pertain to words and concepts rather than to numbers.​

A) True
B) False

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The goto command is rarely used by skilled programmers because it can lead to programs that are difficult to understand and maintain.​

A) True
B) False

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As an alternative to a compiler, a(n) ________ converts and executes one statement at a time while the program is running.​

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Which programming language is an interpreted language most commonly used for client-side Web scripting, such as animating page elements and validating input on HTML forms?​


A) ​Prolog
B) Pythod​
C) ​Java
D) ​Javascript

E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

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A(n) _____________  changes the order in which instructions are carried out by directing the computer to execute an instruction elsewhere in the program.​


A) ​sequential execution
B) ​formal method
C) ​programming paradigm
D) ​sequence control structure

E) B) and D)
F) A) and B)

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The downside of the _____________ paradigm is that it does not fit gracefully with certain types of problems-those that are unstructured or those with very complex algorithms.​

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