Question 1

Aminoglycosides

Accepted Answer

A)  interfere with elongation of peptidoglycan.
B)  are metabolic analogs of PABA and block folic acid synthesis.
C)  attach to the 30S ribosomal subunit and disrupt protein synthesis.
D)  damage cell membranes.
E)  block peptidases that cross-link glycan molecules.F) A) and E)
G) C) and D)

Question 2

The Kirby-Bauer test uses an agar surface,seeded with the test bacterium,to which small discs containing a specific concentration of several drugs are placed on the surface.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 3

Ketoconazole,fluconazole,clotrimazole,and miconazole are broad-spectrum azoles used to treat _____ infections.

Accepted Answer

A)  bacterial
B)  fungal
C)  protozoan
D)  helminthic
E)  viralF) A) and C)
G) A) and B)

Question 4

The use of any chemical in the treatment,relief,or prophylaxis of a disease is called

Accepted Answer

A)  prophylaxis.
B)  chemotherapy.
C)  selective toxicity.
D)  nephrotoxicity.
E)  synergism.F) A) and B)
G) B) and E)

Question 5

In a conversation with your friends from microbiology class,you are talking about drug resistance.The three of you disagree about the definition of the term so each of you state his or her definition and give a justification.Compare the various definitions and justifications below and pick the one that is most accurate.

Accepted Answer

A)  The bacterium becomes immune to the drug: the drug no longer kills or inhibits the bacterium.
B)  The person becomes resistant to the drug: The body adjusts to the dosage of the chemical and no longer responds to its action.
C)  The drug is changed in the body and is inactivated physically and chemically so it no longer works properly against the bacterium.
D)  The bacterium has changed physically or chemically in some way to be able to destroy the drug or avoid its action,allowing it to grow unimpeded by the drug.E) B) and C)
F) C) and D)

Question 6

Each of the following affect cell walls except

Accepted Answer

A)  penicillin.
B)  cycloserine.
C)  vancomycin.
D)  erythromycin.
E)  cephalosporin.F) A) and C)
G) A) and D)

Question 7

The use of a drug to prevent imminent infection is called

Accepted Answer

A)  competitive inhibition.
B)  synergism.
C)  prebiotics.
D)  prophylaxis.
E)  lantibiotics.F) None of the above
G) B) and E)

Question 8

Nutrients that encourage the growth of beneficial microbes in the intestines are known as

Accepted Answer

A)  prebiotics.
B)  probiotics.
C)  lantibiotics.
D)  phytobiotics.
E)  riboswitches.F) A) and B)
G) B) and C)

Question 9

There are fewer antifungal,antiprotozoan,and antihelminthic drugs compared to antibacterial drugs because fungi,protozoa,and helminths

Accepted Answer

A)  do not cause many human infections.
B)  are not affected by antimicrobials.
C)  are so similar to human cells that drug selective toxicity is difficult to achieve.
D)  are parasites found inside human cells.
E)  fewer target sites in their cells compared to bacteria.F) C) and E)
G) A) and D)

Question 10

Selective toxicity refers to damage to

Accepted Answer

A)  pathogenic organisms.
B)  prokaryotic cell membranes.
C)  the target organisms but not vertebrate cells.
D)  nucleic acids.E) A) and D)
F) B) and D)

Question 11

Drugs that are hepatotoxic cause damage to a patient's kidneys.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

Each of the following target prokaryotic ribosomes except

Accepted Answer

A)  streptomycin.
B)  gentamycin.
C)  polymyxins.
D)  tetracycline.
E)  erythromycin.F) B) and C)
G) All of the above

Question 13

Drugs that act by mimicking the normal substrate of an enzyme,thereby blocking its active site,are called

Accepted Answer

A)  inhibitors.
B)  blockers.
C)  competitive inhibitors.
D)  noncompetitive inhibitorsE) B) and D)
F) All of the above

Question 14

Which antimicrobial does not inhibit cell wall synthesis?

Accepted Answer

A)  gentamicin
B)  vancomycin
C)  cephalosporins
D)  penicillins
E)  carbapenemsF) C) and D)
G) A) and E)

Question 15

It is better to use a broad-spectrum drug instead of a more specific,narrow-spectrum drug.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

Sulfonamides are analogs of PABA and,as a result,they inhibit _____ synthesis.

Accepted Answer

A)  protein
B)  DNA
C)  RNA
D)  folic acid
E)  phospholipidF) A) and B)
G) A) and C)

Question 17

Each of the following results in drug resistance except a drug

Accepted Answer

A)  being pumped out of the cell.
B)  being used as a nutrient by the cell.
C)  binding site being altered.
D)  being inactivated.
E)  being blocked from entering the cell.F) D) and E)
G) A) and B)

Question 18

Clavulanic acid inhibits

Accepted Answer

A)  beta-lactamase activity.
B)  peptidoglycan synthesis.
C)  formation of peptidoglycan cross linkages.
D)  cell membrane synthesis.E) A) and C)
F) B) and C)

Question 19

What drug is used in cases of penicillin and methicillin resistance and also used to treat endocarditis?

Accepted Answer

A)  penicillin G
B)  vancomycin
C)  tetracycline
D)  erythromycin
E)  isoniazidF) B) and D)
G) D) and E)

Question 20

Important characteristics of antimicrobial drugs include

Accepted Answer

A)  low toxicity for human tissues.
B)  high toxicity against microbial cells.
C)  do not cause serious side effects in humans.
D)  stable and soluble in body tissues and fluids.
E)  All of the choices are correct.F) B) and C)
G) A) and E)

Exam 12: Drugs, Microbes, host-The Elements of Chemotherapy

Each of the following affect cell walls except

Correct Answer
verified

Aminoglycosides

Correct Answer
verified

There are fewer antifungal,antiprotozoan,and antihelminthic drugs compared to antibacterial drugs because fungi,protozoa,and helminths

Correct Answer
verified

What drug is used in cases of penicillin and methicillin resistance and also used to treat endocarditis?

Correct Answer
verified

Each of the following target prokaryotic ribosomes except

Correct Answer
verified

It is better to use a broad-spectrum drug instead of a more specific,narrow-spectrum drug.

Correct Answer
verified

Sulfonamides are analogs of PABA and,as a result,they inhibit _____ synthesis.

Correct Answer
verified

Ketoconazole,fluconazole,clotrimazole,and miconazole are broad-spectrum azoles used to treat _____ infections.

Correct Answer
verified

Important characteristics of antimicrobial drugs include

Correct Answer
verified

Drugs that act by mimicking the normal substrate of an enzyme,thereby blocking its active site,are called

Correct Answer
verified

Each of the following results in drug resistance except a drug

Correct Answer
verified

The use of a drug to prevent imminent infection is called

Correct Answer
verified

Drugs that are hepatotoxic cause damage to a patient's kidneys.

Correct Answer
verified

Clavulanic acid inhibits

Correct Answer
verified

The use of any chemical in the treatment,relief,or prophylaxis of a disease is called

Correct Answer
verified

Which antimicrobial does not inhibit cell wall synthesis?

Correct Answer
verified

Nutrients that encourage the growth of beneficial microbes in the intestines are known as

Correct Answer
verified

Selective toxicity refers to damage to

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

The Kirby-Bauer test uses an agar surface,seeded with the test bacterium,to which small discs containing a specific concentration of several drugs are placed on the surface.

Correct Answer
verified

Exam 12: Drugs, Microbes, host-The Elements of Chemotherapy

Each of the following affect cell walls except

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Aminoglycosides

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

There are fewer antifungal,antiprotozoan,and antihelminthic drugs compared to antibacterial drugs because fungi,protozoa,and helminths

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What drug is used in cases of penicillin and methicillin resistance and also used to treat endocarditis?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Each of the following target prokaryotic ribosomes except

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

It is better to use a broad-spectrum drug instead of a more specific,narrow-spectrum drug.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Sulfonamides are analogs of PABA and,as a result,they inhibit _____ synthesis.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Ketoconazole,fluconazole,clotrimazole,and miconazole are broad-spectrum azoles used to treat _____ infections.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Important characteristics of antimicrobial drugs include

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Drugs that act by mimicking the normal substrate of an enzyme,thereby blocking its active site,are called

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Each of the following results in drug resistance except a drug

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The use of a drug to prevent imminent infection is called

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Drugs that are hepatotoxic cause damage to a patient's kidneys.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Clavulanic acid inhibits

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The use of any chemical in the treatment,relief,or prophylaxis of a disease is called

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which antimicrobial does not inhibit cell wall synthesis?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Nutrients that encourage the growth of beneficial microbes in the intestines are known as

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Selective toxicity refers to damage to

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The Kirby-Bauer test uses an agar surface,seeded with the test bacterium,to which small discs containing a specific concentration of several drugs are placed on the surface.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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