Question 1

A person who is careless and disorganized most clearly ranks low on the Big Five trait dimension of

Accepted Answer

A)   neuroticism.
B)   extraversion.
C)   openness.
D)   conscientiousness.E) B) and D)
F) A) and C)

Question 2

Studies have correlated early trait scores with scores for the same traits seven years later.The weakest correlations were observed among

Accepted Answer

A)   children.
B)   college students.
C)   30-year-olds.
D)   70-year-olds.E) A) and D)
F) All of the above

Question 3

Parents who disguise hostility toward their children by becoming overly protective of them are very likely using the defense mechanism of

Accepted Answer

A)   projection.
B)   regression.
C)   rationalization.
D)   reaction formation.E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 4

For several months after he lost the job he had held for nearly 20 years,Mr.Ullomi frequently lost his temper and suffered periodic crying spells.His behavior is most clearly an example of

Accepted Answer

A)   an Oedipus complex.
B)   denial.
C)   regression.
D)   projection.E) None of the above
F) B) and D)

Question 5

According to Freud,the conscious memory of dream content is the

Accepted Answer

A)   manifest content.
B)   latent content.
C)   unconscious content.
D)   Oedipal content.E) C) and D)
F) None of the above

Question 6

Four-year-old John is very competitive with his father in trying to gain more attention from his mother.Freud would have suggested that John is going through the ________ stage of development.

Accepted Answer

A)   phallic
B)   latency
C)   anal
D)   oralE) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

Question 7

According to Freud,thoughts that are too unsettling for people to acknowledge are

Accepted Answer

A)   manifest contents.
B)   stored in the collective unconscious.
C)   repressed.
D)   inferiority complexes.E) C) and D)
F) None of the above

Question 8

Kyle was so overconfident about his mathematical skills that he failed to study thoroughly enough for his final math test to get a passing course grade.Kyle's experience best illustrates the dangers of

Accepted Answer

A)   low self-efficacy.
B)   defensive self-esteem.
C)   the spotlight effect.
D)   the self-serving bias.E) None of the above
F) All of the above

Question 9

Cultural changes over time within the United States and the Netherlands have been accompanied by ________ in extraversion and ________ in conscientiousness.

Accepted Answer

A)   increases;decreases
B)   decreases;increases
C)   increases;increases
D)   decreases;decreasesE) C) and D)
F) A) and C)

Question 10

Freud became interested in unconscious personality dynamics when he noticed that certain patients' symptoms

Accepted Answer

A)   resulted from the physical abuse they had received from their parents during childhood.
B)   reflected a loss of individuality.
C)   illustrated a collective unconscious.
D)   made no neurological sense.E) A) and D)
F) None of the above

Question 11

Carl Rogers emphasized that a positive self-concept is promoted by

Accepted Answer

A)   self-transcendence.
B)   unconditional positive regard.
C)   an ideal self.
D)   priming.E) A) and B)
F) B) and C)

Question 12

Displays of humility are most characteristic of those who value

Accepted Answer

A)   individualism.
B)   extraversion.
C)   collectivism.
D)   narcissism.E) B) and C)
F) A) and C)

Question 13

Jacob is imaginative,creative,and seeks new experiences.Sean is hardworking,ambitious,neat,and prides himself on never giving up until a task is finished.In terms of the Big Five,Jacob would probably score high on the dimension of ________,while Sean would probably score high on the dimension of ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   extraversion;neuroticism
B)   openness to experience;conscientiousness
C)   neuroticism;conscientiousness
D)   agreeableness;neuroticismE) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 14

The concept of personality most clearly embodies the notion of

Accepted Answer

A)   schemas.
B)   self-consciousness.
C)   behavioral consistency.
D)   free association.E) A) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 15

Interdependence is to ________ as independence is to ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   self-efficacy;self-image
B)   conditioning;humanistic psychology
C)   group identification;defensive self-esteem
D)   collectivism;individualismE) A) and D)
F) None of the above

Question 16

Gender identity refers to

Accepted Answer

A)   our biological sex.
B)   the sense of being male,female,or a combination of the two.
C)   the set of socially expected behaviors for males and females.
D)   internalized ideals for appropriate sexual behavior.E) A) and C)
F) C) and D)

Question 17

In one study,men who reported strong anti-gay attitudes experienced greater sexual arousal when watching videos of homosexual men having sex even though they said the films did not make them sexually aroused.This study was said to offer support for Freud's concept of

Accepted Answer

A)   free association.
B)   reaction formation.
C)   projection.
D)   fixation.E) A) and D)
F) All of the above

Question 18

Kelly loves to boast about her accomplishments and becomes very upset when anyone criticizes her.Kelly most clearly demonstrates

Accepted Answer

A)   the spotlight effect.
B)   secure self-esteem.
C)   defensive self-esteem.
D)   self-efficacy.E) None of the above
F) All of the above

Question 19

Accepting ourselves without excessive dependence on the approval of others best illustrates

Accepted Answer

A)   reciprocal determinism.
B)   defensive self-esteem.
C)   self-serving bias.
D)   secure self-esteem.E) A) and C)
F) None of the above

Question 20

Bonnie is afraid to express anger at her overbearing and irritating supervisor at work,so she is critical of her children instead.A psychoanalyst would suggest that Bonnie's reaction to her children illustrates

Accepted Answer

A)   identification.
B)   reaction formation.
C)   displacement.
D)   projection.E) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

Exam 13: Personality

Displays of humility are most characteristic of those who value

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According to Freud,the conscious memory of dream content is the

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Accepting ourselves without excessive dependence on the approval of others best illustrates

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Parents who disguise hostility toward their children by becoming overly protective of them are very likely using the defense mechanism of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Four-year-old John is very competitive with his father in trying to gain more attention from his mother.Freud would have suggested that John is going through the ________ stage of development.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

According to Freud,thoughts that are too unsettling for people to acknowledge are

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

For several months after he lost the job he had held for nearly 20 years,Mr.Ullomi frequently lost his temper and suffered periodic crying spells.His behavior is most clearly an example of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Kyle was so overconfident about his mathematical skills that he failed to study thoroughly enough for his final math test to get a passing course grade.Kyle's experience best illustrates the dangers of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Gender identity refers to

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Studies have correlated early trait scores with scores for the same traits seven years later.The weakest correlations were observed among

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Cultural changes over time within the United States and the Netherlands have been accompanied by ________ in extraversion and ________ in conscientiousness.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In one study,men who reported strong anti-gay attitudes experienced greater sexual arousal when watching videos of homosexual men having sex even though they said the films did not make them sexually aroused.This study was said to offer support for Freud's concept of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Freud became interested in unconscious personality dynamics when he noticed that certain patients' symptoms

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The concept of personality most clearly embodies the notion of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Kelly loves to boast about her accomplishments and becomes very upset when anyone criticizes her.Kelly most clearly demonstrates

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Interdependence is to ________ as independence is to ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Carl Rogers emphasized that a positive self-concept is promoted by

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A person who is careless and disorganized most clearly ranks low on the Big Five trait dimension of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Bonnie is afraid to express anger at her overbearing and irritating supervisor at work,so she is critical of her children instead.A psychoanalyst would suggest that Bonnie's reaction to her children illustrates

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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Cultural changes over time within the United States and the Netherlands have been accompanied by in extraversion and in conscientiousness.

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Interdependence is to as independence is to .

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