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Exam 10: Personality

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Question 41

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Which of the following statements about ego defense mechanisms is FALSE?

A) According to Freud, using ego defense mechanisms requires psychological energy.
B) Psychologically healthy people often use ego defense mechanisms to temporarily deal with stressful events.
C) Ego defense mechanisms can be a way of psychologically buying time while seeking a realistic solution to a problem.
D) Using ego defense mechanisms increases feelings of anxiety.

E) A) and C)
F) A) and B)

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Question 42

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One theory of personality suggests that there are three basic dimensions of personality: introversion-extraversion, neuroticism-emotional stability, and psychoticism. According to Table 10.5, Raymond Cattell formulated this theory.

A) True
B) False

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Question 43

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Although they have been broken up for months, Hector still bought Shivangi flowers and chocolates for Valentine's Day. Hector is engaging in the ego defense mechanism called denial.

Explain the idea of possible selves, and describe how possible selves can affect behavior.

In Eysenck's model of personality, a person high on the trait of psychoticism is warm and caring toward others, and a person who is low on this trait is antisocial, cold, hostile, and unconcerned about others.

What are the basic assumptions in Carl Rogers's humanistic theory of personality?

The trait approach to personality has provided important insights into basic human motives and the role of the unconscious in personality and mental processes.

According to Hans Eysenck, introverts seek out stimulating environments and extraverts seek out unstimulating environments.

Psychologist Carl Rogers maintained that the most effective child-rearing practices involve conditional positive regard.

The term neo-Freudians refers to a group of psychoanalysts who followed Freud in stressing the importance of unconscious conflicts and early childhood experiences but developed their own personality theories.

Professor Lannigan specializes in human behavioral genetics. Which of the following research methods is she NOT likely to use in her research?

According to the five-factor model of personality, the five basic dimensions of personality are neuroticism, extraversion, openness to experience, agreeableness, and conscientiousness.

Womb envy is to _____ as penis envy is to _____.

At day care, 3-year-old Sara has learned that she has to wait her turn to ride on the tricycle rather than push another child off the tricycle. Using Freud's terminology, Sara's ability to postpone gratification in a socially acceptable way is a reflection of her:

In psychology, the term personality refers to:

In a research study described in your text, trained graphologists evaluated handwriting samples of 170 people. What did that study find?

It was _____ who said, "My own belief is that man has the capacity as well as the desire to develop his potentialities and become a decent human being, and that these deteriorate if his relationship to others and hence to himself is, and continues to be, disturbed."

Basic anxiety is to _____ as feelings of inferiority are to _____.

Brain imaging studies of the Big Five personality traits have found that agreeableness is associated with increased volume in the posterior cingulate cortex, a brain region associated with understanding the beliefs of others.

In contrast to psychoanalysis, trait theories of personality focus primarily on describing individual differences.