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Why do cigarette smokers cough more than nonsmokers?


A) Cigarette smoking partially paralyzes the muscles in the lungs,resulting in an increased residual volume,and coughing exchanges this "dead air."
B) Cigarette smoke harms the cilia that normally move debris out of the lungs,and coughing is the remaining way to clean the lungs.
C) The tar in cigarette smoke tends to make alveoli stick together,and coughing separates them.
D) By raising the pressure in the lungs,coughing forces more oxygen into the blood.

E) A) and D)
F) A) and C)

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The function of passageways for gas exchange in birds is to


A) permit one- way ventilation of the lungs.
B) adjust the temperature of air.
C) store air for times of physical exertion.
D) lighten the bird.

E) C) and D)
F) A) and B)

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The tracheal system of an insect is most like which of the following?


A) the air duct system in a building
B) leaves on a tree
C) the exhaust system of an automobile
D) the electrical wiring in a home

E) B) and D)
F) B) and C)

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The is a passageway shared by both food and air.


A) trachea
B) nasal cavity
C) pharynx
D) larynx

E) B) and C)
F) None of the above

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Within the lungs,gas exchange occurs across


A) bronchi.
B) alveoli.
C) bronchioles.
D) diaphragms.

E) B) and D)
F) All of the above

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Evolutionary adaptations for survival on land produced tetrapods,which later evolved into


A) snakes and skinks.
B) migratory birds.
C) amphibians,reptiles,and mammals.
D) frogs and toads.

E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

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